Dinamika Massa Air di Sekitar Pulau-Pulau Kecil Terluar (PPKT) Perairan Utara Papua

Dewi Surinati, Corry Corvianawatie

Abstract


Water Mass Dynamics Around the Indonesia’s Outer Small Islands at
North Papua Waters.
Coastal area of Indonesia’s Outer Islands (PPKT) at North Papua Waters have a huge potential of marine resources which needs to be managed in sustainable ways. In order to make the processes of protection, conservation, rehabilitation, utilization, and enrichment of coastal resources work well, the study about environmental carrying capacity which includes ocean dynamics analysis around PPKT area is needed. Hereby, the study area were including coastal and off shore area of  Jiew, Budd, Fani, Bras and Fanildo Island. The measurement of water mass and ocean current was conducted to analyze the impact of regional ocean dynamics to coastal waters of PPKT. This study found the domination of New Guinea Coastal Current (NGCC) at surface layer, the effect of Indonesian throughflow at subsurface layer (100 – 150m depth), and counter current towards northeast which is believed as a part of New Guinea Coastal Under Current (NGCUC) and Equatorial Under Current (EUC). This ocean current system carried South Pacific Subtropical Water (SPSW) noticed by maximum salinity of 35.4 PSU at 150m depth. There are spatial variability of mixed layer depth and slope of T-S curve at the western and eastern part of study area which might be caused by isopycnal mixing. However, the spatial and temporal variability of Sea Surface Temperature at this area is relatively small due to the presence of Western Paicific Warm Water Pool. With the small annual SST variability, strong ocean current and water mass mixing, this area has a potential for the development of marine ecosystem.




Keywords


water mass, ocean current, small islands, outer islands, north Papua

References


Aji, T., Pranowo, W.S., Harsono, G., & Alam, T.M. (2017). Seasonal Variability of Thermocline, Sound Speed and Probable Shadow Zone in Sunda Strait, Indonesia. Omni-Akuatika, 13 (2), 111 – 127.

BPS. (2018). Statistik Indonesia – Statistical Yearbook of Indonesia 2018. Badan Pusat Statistik. 719pp.

De Deckker, P. (2016). The Indo-Pacific Warm Pool: critical to world oceanography and world climate. Geoscience Letter, 3(20), 1 – 12.

Emery, W. J. (2008). Water Types and Water Masses. Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences: Second Edition, 291–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012374473-9.00108-9.

Fine, R. A., Lukas, R., Bingham, F. M., Warner, M. J., & Gammon, R. H. (1994). The western equatorial Pacific: A water mass crossroads. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99(C12), 25063. https://doi.org/10.1029/94JC02277.

Gordon, A. L. (2005). Oceanography of the Indonesian Seas and Their Throughflow. Oceanography, 18(4), 14–27. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2005.18.

Gordon, A. L., & Fine, R. A. (1996). Pathways of water between the Pacific and Indian oceans in the Indonesian seas. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/379146a0.

Gordon, A. L., Sprintall, J., Van Aken, H. M., Susanto, R. D., Wijffels, S., Molcard, R., A. Ffield, Pranowo, W., & Wirasantosa, S. (2010). The Indonesian throughflow during 2004-2006 as observed by the INSTANT program. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, 50(2), 115–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2009.12.002.

Halkides, D., Lee, T., & Kida, S. (2011). Mechanism controlling the seasonal mixed-layer temperature and salinity of the Indonesian seas. Ocean Dynamics, 61, 481 – 495.

Ismail, M.F.A., & Ribbe, J. (2019). On the cross-shelf exchange driven by frontal eddies along a western boundary current during austral winter 2007. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, ISSN 0272-7714, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2019.106314.

Kida, S., & Richards, K. J. (2009). Seasonal sea surface temperature variability in the Indonesian Seas, Journal of Geophysical Research, 114: C06016, 1 – 17.

Koch-Larrouy, A., Madec, G., Iudicone, D., Atmadipoera, A., & Molcard, R. (2008). Physical processes contributing the water mass transformation of the Indonesian Throughflow, Ocean Dynamics, 58, 275 – 288.

Li, B., Yuan, D., & Zhou, H. (2018). Water masses in the far western equatorial Pacific during winters of 2010 and 2012, Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 36(5), 1459 – 1474.

Philander, S. G. H. (1983). El Niño Southern Oscillation phenomena. Nature, 302(5906), 295–301. https://doi.org/10.1038/302295a0.

Potemra, J. T., & Qu, T. (2010). Seas of Southeast Asia. Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, 305–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012374473-9.00598-1.

Qu, T., Du, Y., Strachan, J., Meyers, G., & Slingo, J. (2005). Temperature and its variability in the Indonesia Region. Oceanography, 18(4), 50–61. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2005.05

Simanungkalit, Y.A., Pranowo, W.S., Purba, N.P., Riyantini, I., & Nurrahman. Y. (2018). Influence of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena on Eddies Variability in the Western Pacific Ocean. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 176 012002 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/176/1/012002.

Sprintall, J., Gordon, A. L., Koch-Larrouy, A., Lee, T., Potemra, J. T., Pujiana, K., & Wijffels, S. E. (2014). The Indonesian seas and their role in the coupled ocean-climate system. Nature Geoscience, 7(7), 487–492. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2188.

Supangat, A., Adi, T.R., Pranowo, W.S., & Ningsih, N.S. (2015). Predicting Movement of the Warm Pool, the Salinity Front, and the Convergence Zone in the Western and Central Part of Equatorial Pacific Using a Coupled Hydrodynamical-Ecological Model. The Twelfth OMISAR Workshop on Ocean Models. 11pp.

Tussadiah, A., Subandriyo, J., Novita, S., & Pranowo, W.S. (2017). Verification of Pisces Dissolved Oxygen Model Using in situ Measurement in Biak, Rote and Tanimbar Seas, Indonesia. International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences (IJReSES),14(1), 37-46.

Wattimena, M. C., Atmadipoera, A. S., Purba, M., Nurjaya, I. W., & Syamsudin, F. (2018). Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) variability in Halmahera Sea and its coherency with New Guinea Coastal Current. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 176(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/176/1/012011.

Wyrtki, K. (1961). Physical oceanography of the Southeast Asian waters. NAGA report, volume 2, Scientific Results of Marine Investigations of the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand 1959-1961. La Jolla, California: The University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. 195pp.

Yuan, D., Li, X., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Wang, J., Yang, Y., & Storch, J.-S. von. (2018). Observed Transport Variations in the Maluku Channel of the Indonesian Seas Associated with Western Boundary Current Changes. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 48(8), 1803–1813. https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-17-0120.1.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Powered by OJS | Design by ThemeOJS