Distribusi Logam Berat Dalam Air Laut Dan Sedimen Di Perairan Cimanuk, Jawa Barat, Indonesia

Harmesa Harmesa; Lestari Lestari; Fitri Budiyanto

doi:10.14203/oldi.2020.v5i1.310

Distribusi Logam Berat Dalam Air Laut Dan Sedimen Di Perairan Cimanuk, Jawa Barat, Indonesia

Harmesa Harmesa, Lestari Lestari, Fitri Budiyanto

Abstract

Distribution of Heavy Metals in Seawater and Sediments in Cimanuk Estuary, West Java, Indonesia. Increasing economic activities in the north coastal of Java have the potential to contribute to anthropogenic contaminants that threaten the water quality of Cimanuk coastal and estuary in Indramayu. Heavy metal which is one of the wastes from these activities has not been studied in detail. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, and Ni in seawaters and sediments of the Cimanuk Estuary. Seawater and sediment samples were collected at 18 stations in May 2017. Seawater samples were extracted using the back extraction method while sediment samples were extracted using acids according to USEPA 3050B. Measurement of heavy metals from seawater extracts or sediments was carried out using Flame Absorption Spectrophotometry according to the USEPA 3050B method. The spatial distribution of heavy metals in seawater and sediments is modeled using ArcGIS® version 10.6.1. The results showed that ranges of metals in seawater : 0,0004 – 0,0038 mg/L (Cu), <0,0001 – 0,0044 mg/L (Pb), 0,0002 – 0,0003 mg/L (Cd), 0,0005 – 0,0119 mg/L (Zn), and 0,0020 – 0,0052 mg/L (Ni). While the metal content in sediments are 12,36 – 54,08 mg/kg (Cu), 6,43 – 15,72 mg/kg (Pb), 0,07 – 0,37 mg/kg (Cd), 64,53 – 85,16 mg/kg (Zn), and 19,66 – 62,85 mg/kg (Ni). Spatial distribution models show that heavy metals in seawater and sediments show identical patterns. High level of metals are generally detected at the stations located closed to the mainland, indicating that heavy metals are enrichment from terrestrial anthropogenic activities.

10.14203/oldi.2020.v5i1.310

Keywords

heavy metal, anthropogenic activities, Cimanuk, seawater, sediment.

Full Text:

PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)

References

Abowei, J. F. N. (2009). Salinity, dissolve oxygen, pH and surface water temperature conditions in Nkoro River, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2(1), 36 – 40. Retrieved from https://maxwellsci.com/print/ajfst/v2-6-11.pdf

ATSDR (2019) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.Toxicological Profile for Lead. In: Draft for Public Comment. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA.

ATSDR (2012) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for Cadmium. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA.

Adeniji, C. A, & Okedeyi, O.O. (2017). Preliminary assessment of heavy metal concentrations in selected fish feed ingredients in Nigeria. Journal of Fisheries & Livestock Production, 5(1). https:// doi.org/10.4172/2332-2608.1000218

Aditriawan, R. M., & Rahardjo, M. F. (2016). Keberadaan logam berat (Hg, Pb dan Cd) pada ikan dan sedimen di Muara Cimanuk, Kabupaten Indramayu. Dalam: Zahid, A., Simanjuntak, C. P. H., Lusiastuti, A. M., Rahardjo, M. F., Hadiaty, R. K., Hadie, W., dan Hadie, L. E. (Eds). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Ikan ke-9. Masyarakat Iktiologi Indonesia, 24 Mei 2016, Jakarta: 453 – 461.

Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC) and Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand (ARMCANZ). (2000). Australian and New Zealand guidelines for fresh and marine water quality. Volume 1, Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council. Canberra. 29p.

Ayangbenro, A. S., & Babalola, O. O. (2017). A new strategy for heavy metal polluted environments: A review of microbial biosorbents. International Journal of Envi-ronmental Research and Public Health, 14(1), 94.

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14010094

Baran, A., Hersztek, M. M., Gondek, K., Tarnawski, M., Szara, M., Gorczyca, O, & Koniarz, T. (2019). The influence of the quality of sediment organic matter on the potential mobility and toxicity of trace elements in bottom sediment. Enviromental Geochemistry and Health,41, 2893–2910.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00359-7

Batley, G. E. & Gardner, D. (1977). Sampling and storage of natural waters for trace metal analysis. Water Research,11(9), 745–756.

https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(77) 90042-2

Brady, J. P., Ayoko, G. A., Martens, W. N., & Goonetilleke, A. (2014). Enrichment, distribution and sources of heavy metals in the sediments of Deception Bay, Queens-land, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 81(1): 248–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.marpolbul.2014.01.031

Budiyanto, F., & Lestari. (2013). Comparison of adsorption models for Cd and Zn in the Berau Delta: water-sediment system. Ilmu Kelautan, 18(3), 127–133. https://doi.org/ 10.14710/ik.ijms.18.3.127-133

Budiyanto, F., & Lestari. (2014). Distribution of metals in Cisanggarung Estuary sediment, West Java, Indonesia. Marine Research in Indonesia, 39(1), 23–30.

https://doi.org/10.14203/mri.v39i1.90

Budiyanto, F., & Lestari. (2017). Temporal and spatial distribution of heavy metals in sediment of urban coastal water: A case study in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Bulletin of the Marine geology, 32(1), 1–10.

https://doi.org/10.32693/bomg.32.1.2017.364

Carolin, C. F., Kumar, P. S., Saravanan, A., Joshiba, G. J., & Naushad, M. (2017). Efficient techniques for the removal of toxic heavy metals from aquatic envi-ronment: A review. Journal of Environ-mental Chemical Engineering, 5(3), 2782–2799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017. 05.029

CCME.(2001). Sediment quality guidelines. Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines: 2 pp.

Doelsch, E., Kerchove, V. V. D., & Macary, H. S. (2005). Heavy metal content in soils of reunion (Indian Ocean). Geoderma, 134 (1-2), 119–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. geoderma.2005.09.003

Duodu, G. O., Goonetilleke, A., & Ayoko, G. A. (2017). Potential bioavailability assess-ment, source apportionment and ecological risk of heavy metals in the sediment of Brisbane River estuary, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 117 (1-2), 523–531.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.017

Eddiwan. (2018). Pemantauan Kadar Logam Berat dalam air laut dan sedimen di Perairan Pulau Tebing Tinggi, Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti, Provinsi Riau. Asian Journal of Environment, History and Heritage, 2(1), 7–17. Retriever from http://spaj.ukm.my/ajehh/index.php/ajehh/article/view/43

Fu, J., Hu, X., Tao, X., Yu, H., & Zhang, Z. (2013). Risk and toxicity assessments of heavy metals in sediments and fishes from the Yangtze River and Taihu Lake, China. Chemosphere, 93(9), 1887–1895.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.061

Fuge, Ron. (2013). Anthropogenic Sources. In: O. Selinus et al., (eds). Essentials of Medical Geology: Revised edition. Springer, Dordrecht: 59 – 74.

Gitarama, A. M., Krisanti, M., & Agungpriyono, D. R. (2016). Komunitas makrozoobentos dan akumulasi kromium di Sungai Cimanuk Lama, Jawa Barat. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 21(1), 48–55.

https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.21.1.48

Gupta, B., Kumar, R., Rani, M., & Agarwal, T. (2012). Dynamics of toxic heavy metals in different compartments of a highly urbanized closed aquatic system. Journal of Environmental Monitoring,14, 916–924.

https://doi.org/10.1039/c2em10505e

Hutagalung H.P., Setiapermana, D., & Riyono, S.H.(1997). Metode analisis air laut, sedimen dan biota.Jakarta, Indonesia: LIPI.

Hutagalung, H. P. (1984). Logam berat dalam lingkungan laut. Oseana, IX (1), 11–20.

Ismail, A., Toriman, M. E., Juahir, H., Zain, S. M., Habir, N. L. A., Retnam, A., Kamaruddin, M. K. A., Umar, R., & Azid, A. (2016). Spatial assessment and source identification of heavy metals pollution in surface water using several chemometric techniques. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 106(1-2), 292–300. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.marpolbul.2015.10.019

Ke, X., Gui, S., Huang, H., Zhang, H., Wang, C., & Guo, W. (2017). Ecological risk assessment and source identification for heavy metals in surface sediment from the Liaohe River protected area, China. Chemosphere, 175, 473–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.029

Kepmen PU. (2010). Keputusan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum No 267/KPTS/M2010 Tentang Pola Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Wilayah Sungai Cimanuk Cisang-garung. pp 92

Kumar, C. S., M. Jaikumar, R. S. Robin, P. Karthikeyan, & C. S. Kumar. (2013). Heavy metal concentration of sea water and marine organisms in Ennore Creek, Southeast Coast of India. The Journal of Toxicology and Health. Photon, 103, 192-201.

KMNLH.(2004). Keputusan Menteri Negara Kependudukan dan Lingkungan Hidup No Kep-51/MNKLH/I/2004 Tentang Pedoman Penetapan Baku Mutu Air Laut, Menteri Negara Kependudukan dan Lingkungan Hidup, Jakarta: 10 – 12

Lestari & Witasari, Y.(2010). Logam berat di perairan di Teluk Lampung. Bunga Rampai Sumberdaya Laut dan LingkunganTeluk Lampung. Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Penelitian Oseanografi LIPI.

Li, Y., & Ren, S. (2011). Metal Decorative Materials. In Building Decorative Materials.169 - 199. https://doi.org/10.1533 /9780857092588

Liu, J., Yin, P., Chen, B., Gao, F., Song, H., & Li, M. (2016). Distribution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Luanhe River Estuary, northwest of the Bohai Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 109(1), 633–639. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.020

Liu, R., Men, C., Liu, Y., Yu, W., Xe, F., & Shen, Z. (2016). Baseline: Spatial distribution and pollution evaluation of heavy metals in Yangtze estuary sediments. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 110(5), 564–571.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.060

Loring, D. H., & Rantala, R. T. T. (1992). Manual for the geochemical analyses of marine sediments and suspended particulate matter. Earth-Acience Reviews, 32(4), 235–238.

https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(92) 90001-A

Macomber, L., & Hausinger, R. P. (2011). Mechanisms of nickel toxicity in micro-organisms. Metallomics, 3(11), 1153–1162.

https://doi.org/10.1039/c1mt00063b

Magnusson, B., & Westerlund, S. (1981). Solvent extraction procedures combined with back-extraction for trace metal determinations by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta, 131(1), 63–72.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(01) 93534-2

Mohammed, A. S., Kapri, A.,& Goel, R. (2011). Heavy Metal Pollution: source, impact and remedies. In: Khan et al., (eds). Biomanagement of metal-contaminated soils(pp. 1-28). Environmental Pollution.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1914-9_1

Natalina & Firdaus, H. (2017). Penurunan kadar kromium heksavalen (Cr6+) dalam limbah batik menggunakan limbah udang (kitosan). Teknik, 38(2), 99–102. https://doi.org/ 10.14710/teknik.v38n2.13403

Peng, J.F., Song, Y. H., Yuan, P., Cui, X. Y., & Qiu, G. L. (2009). The remediation of heavy metals contaminated sediment. Journal of Hazardous Material,161(2-3), 633–640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat. 2008.04.061

Peng, W., Li, X., Xiao, S., & Fan, W. (2018). Review of remediation technologies for sediments contaminated by heavy metals. Journal of Soils and Sediments.18(4), 1701–1719.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-018-1921-7

Riwayati, I., Hartati, I., Purwanto, H., & Suwardiyono. (2014). Adsorpsi logam berat timbal dan kadmium pada limbah batik menggunakan biosorbent pulpa kopi terxanthasi.Dalam: Fakultas Teknologi Industri IST AKPRIND (Eds). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Aplikasi Sains & Teknologi(SNAST) 2014. Institute Sains & Teknologi AKPRIND, 15 November 2014, Yogyakarta: C211 - C216.

Rosado, D., Usero, J.,& Morillo, J. (2016). Assessment of heavy metals bioavailability and toxicity toward Vibrio fischeri in sediment of the Huelva estuary. Chemos-phere,153, 10–17. htpps://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.040

Rumahlatu, D. (2011). Konsentrasi logam berat kadmium pada air, sedimen dan Deadema setosum (Echinodermata, Echinoidea) di Perairan Pulau Ambon. Ilmu Kelautan, 16(2), 78–85. Retriever from https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijms/article/viewFile/1850/1611

Saher, N. U. & Siddiqui, A. S. (2019). Occurrence of heavy metals in sediment and their bioaccumulation in sentinel crab (Macrophthalmus depressus) from highly impacted coastal zone. Chemosphere, 221, 89–98.

htpps://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.008

Setyawan, W. B. (2017). Potensi bencana geologi di kawasan Delta Cimanuk, Kabupaten Indramayu, Jawa Barat. Dalam: M. Taufiqurrohman, Dwisetiono, Subagio, H., Widagdo, H., & Suwasono, B. (Eds). Seminar Nasional Kelautan XII (hal. 14-24). Surabaya: FTIK, Universitas Hang Tuah.

Suresh, S.G. P., Ramasamy,V., & Venkatachalapathy, R. (2012). Assessment of spatial distribution and potential ecological risk of the heavy metals in relation to granulometric content of Veeranam lake sediments, India. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 84, 117–124. htpps://doi.org/10.1016/j. ecoenv.2012.06.027

Sutherland, RA. (2000). Bed sediment-associated trace metals in an urban stream, Oahu, Hawaii. Environmental Geology,39(6), 611–627.

htpps://doi.org/10.1007/s002540050473

Sutriati, A. (2011). Penilaian kualitas air sungai dan potensi pemanfaatannya studi kasus: S. Cimanuk. Jurnal Sumber Daya Air, 7(1), 1-17. htpps://doi.org/10.32679/jsda.v7i1.378

Tampubolon, P. A. R. P., Ernawati, Y., & Rahardjo, M. F. (2018). Keragaman iktiofauna muara sungai Cimanuk, Indra-mayu, Jawa Barat. Berita Biologi,17(1), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.14203/ beritabiologi.v17i1.1331

Tang, A., R. Liu, M. Ling, L. Xu, & J. Wang. (2010). Distribution characteristics and controlling factors of soluble heavy metals in the Yellow River Estuary and adjacent sea. International Society for Environ-mental Information Science,2, 1193–1198.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2010.10.129

Taylor, S.R., (1964). Abundance of chemical elements in the continental crust: a new table. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 28(8), 1273–1285. https://doi.org/10 .1016/0016-7037(64)90129-2

USEPA.(1996). Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste SW-846 Methods 3050B.

Vandecasteele, B., Samyn, J., Quataert, P., Muys, B., & Tack, F. M. G. (2004). Earthworm biomass as additional information for risk assessment of heavy metal bio-magnification: a case study for dredged sediment-derived soils and polluted floodplain soils. Environmental Pollution, 129(3), 363–375. htpps://doi.org/10. 1016/j.envpol.2003.12.007

Varol, M. (2011). Assessment of heavy metal contamination in sediments of the Tigris River (Turkey) using pollution indices and multivariate statistical techniques. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 195, 335–364.

htpps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.08.051

Vu, C. T., Lin, C., Shern, C. C., Yeh, G., Le, V. G., & Tran, H. T. (2017). Contamination, ecological risk and source apportionment of heavy metals in sediments and water of a contaminated river in Taiwan. Ecological Indicators,82, 32–42. htpps://doi.org /10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.06.008

Waldichuck, S.J. (1974). Some biological concern in metal pollution. In: Venberg and Venberg (Eds). Pollution and physology of marine organisms (pp. 1-45). London, England: Acad. Press.