Keanekaragaman Makroalga di Perairan Teluk Kendari dan Sekitarnya, Sulawesi Tenggara

Tri Handayani

doi:10.14203/oldi.2021.v6i1.332

Keanekaragaman Makroalga di Perairan Teluk Kendari dan Sekitarnya, Sulawesi Tenggara

Tri Handayani

Abstract

Macroalgae Diversity in Kendari Bay Waters and Surroundings, Southeast Sulawesi. Human activities around Kendari Bay cause environmental changes. It has an impact on fisheries and marine resources. Macroalgae was also affected by environmental changes, so management of macroalgae was required. The diversity of macroalgae can be used as baseline data for coastal area management. The aims of the study were to find out the diversity of macroalgae, biological indices of macroalgae and the factors that influence the diversity and abundance of macroalgae in Kendari Bay and surroundings. The study was conducted in September 2016, in eight locations, namely Lara Island, Lalow Aru, Tanjung Tiram, Baungkutoko, Watuw Atu, Bokori Island, Tapulaga, and Tenunggeu. Macroalgae samples were collected by the quadratic transect method. The data analyzed were Bray-Curtis similarity, diversity, richness, evenness, and dominance index. The correlation between water quality and abundance or diversity of macroalgae was analyzed by multiple regression analysis. A total of 38 species of macroalgae were identified consisting of three Phyllum: 15 species of Chlorophyta, 10 species of Ochrophyta, and 13 species of Rhodophyta. Tanjung Tiram and Lalow Aru have the highest similarity index of 0.93. Macroalgae in Kendari Bay have the low to moderate category of species diversity, low category of species richness, the medium to high category of species evenness, and the low to moderate category of species dominance. There was a gradient pattern of macroalgae diversity in Kendari Bay and surroundings. Seagrass cover and water quality have more influence on macroalgae diversity than macroalgae abundance in Kendari Bay and surroundings.

10.14203/oldi.2021.v6i1.332

Keywords

macroalgae diversity, macroalgae abundance, biological index, water quality, Kendari Bay

Full Text:

PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)

References

Alexandre, A., Baeta, A., Engelen, A. H., & Santos, R. (2017). Interactions between seagrasses and seaweeds during surge nitrogen acquisition determine interspecifc competition. Scientific Reports,7, 13651.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13962-4

Amsler, M. O., Huang, Y. M., Engl, W., McClontock, J. B., & Amsler, C. D. (2015). Abundance and diversity of gastropods associated with dominat subtidal macroalgar from the Western Antactic Peninsula. Polar Biology, (38), 1171-1181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-015-1681-4

Anggadiredja J. T. (2017). Seaweed diversity and conservation on the warambadi seashore of Sumba Island: substrata and seasonal phenomenon. Jurnal Teknologi Ling-kungan,18(2), 182-191.

https://doi/org/10.29122/jtl.v18i2.2032

Arfah, H., & Patty, S. I. (2016). Kualitas air dan komunitas makroalga di perairan pantai Jikumerasa, Pulau Buru. Jurnal Ilmiah Platax4(2), 109-120. Retrieved from https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/platax/article/viewFile/14132/13706

Asriyana, Rahardjo, M. F., Sukimin, S., Batu, D. F. L., & Kartamihardja, E. S. (2009). Keanekaragaman ikan di perairan Teluk Kendari Sulawesi Tenggara. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia, 9(2), 97-112. Retrieved fromhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/329266709_Fish_Diversity_in_Kendari_Bay_Southeast_Sulawesi.

Atmadja, W. S. & Sulistijo. (1988). Beberapa aspek vegetasi dan habitat tumbuhan laut bentik di Pulau-Pulau Seribu. Dalam: M. K. Mossa, D. P Praseno dan Sukarno. Teluk Jakarta: Biologi, Budidaya, Oseanografi, Geologi dan Kondisi Perairan. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Oseanologi-LIPI, Jakarta.

Atmadja, W. S., Kadi,A., Sulistijo & Rachmaniar. (1996). Pengenalan jenis-jenis rumput laut di Indonesia. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Oseanologi-LIPI, Jakarta: 191 pp.

Atmadja, W. S. & Prud’homme van reine, W. F. (2014). Checklist of the Seaweed Species Biodiversity of Indonesia with Distribution and Classification: Green Algae (Chlorophyta) and Brown Algae (Phaeophyceae, Ochrophyta). Natural Biodiversity Center and Indonesian Institute of Sciencies (LIPI), Jakarta. 59 pp.

Charan, H., N’Yeurt A. D. R., Iese, V., & Chopin, T. (2017). The effect of temperature on the growth of two pest seaweeds in Fiji. 2nd International Conference on Energy, Environment and Climate. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319621172_The_effect_of_temperature_on_the_growth_of_two_pest_seaweeds_in_Fiji

Chaves, L. T. C., Pereira, P. H. C., & Feitosa, J. L. L. (2013). Coral reef fish associatiom with macroalgal beds on a tropical reef system in North-eastern Brazil. Marine and Freshwater Research, 64(12), 1101-1111.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/MF13054

Chen, Y., Zou, R., Su, H., Bai, S., Faizullabhoy, M., Wu, Y. & Guo, H. (2017). Development of an integrated water quality and macroalgae simulation model for tidal marsh eutrophication control decision support. Water9(4), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9040277

Chung, I. K., Beardall, J., Metha, S., Sahoo, D., & Stojkovic, S. (2011). Using marine macroalgae for carbon sequestration: a critical appraisal. Journal or Applied Phycology, 23,877–886.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-010-9604-9

Collado-Vides, L., Caccia, V. G., Boyer, J. N., & Fourqurean, J. W. (2017). Tropical seagrass-associated macroalgae distri-butions and trends relative to water quality. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science73, 680-694. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/191620451.pdf

Cordero, J. R. (1981). Studies on Philippine marine red algae. Smithsonnian Inst. Univ. Stat. Nat. Museum. IV: 258 pp.

Cribb, A. B. (1983). Marine algae of the southern great barrier reef-Rhodophyta. Watson Ferguson & Co. Brisbane: 173 pp.

Dhargalkar, V. K.& Kavlekar, D. (2004). Seaweeds – a Field Manual. National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa. 42 pp.

Draisma, S. G. A., Prud'homme van Reine, W. F. Herandarudewi, S. M. C., Hoeksema, B. W. (2018). Macroalgal diversity along an inshore-offshore environmental gradient in the Jakarta Bay – Thousand Islands reef complex, Indonesia. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science,200, 258-269.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.11.010

Filbee-Dexter, K. & Scheibling, R. E. (2014). Sea urchin barrens as alternative stable states of collapsed kelp ecosystems. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 495,1-25. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10573

Giakoumi, S., Cebrian, E., Kokkaris, G. D., Ballesteros, E., & Sala, E. (2012). Relationships between fish, sea urchins and macroalgae: the structure of shallow rocky sublittoral communities in the cyclades, Eastern Mediterranean. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 109, 1-10. Retrievedfrom https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0272771411002137

Guiry, M. D.,& Guiry, G. M. (2020). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (taxonomic information republished from AlgaeBase with permission of MD Guiry). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org

Handayani, T., Widjaya, S., & Sugiarto, H. (2007). Keanekaragaman algae di Teluk Gilimanuk, Taman Nasional Bali Barat. Hlm. 102–111 dalam Aziz, A., Ruyitno, A. Syahailatua, M. Muchtar, Pramudji, Sulistijo, dan T. Susana (Eds). Status Sumberdaya Laut Teluk Gilimanuk, Taman Nasional Bali Barat. Pusat Penelitian Oseanografi LIPI, Jakarta.

Handayani, T. (2017). Potensi makroalga di paparan terumbu karang perairan Teluk Lampung. Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia, 2(1), 55–67. https://doi.org/10.14203/oldi.2017.v2i1.15

Handayani, T. (2019). Macroalgae on the rocky shore of the Southern Coast of Garut, West Java, Indonesia. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 278.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/278/1/ 012030

Ido, I., Karim, J., & Yunarni. (2019). Analisis pemanfaatan ruang pesisir terhadap kondisi luas dan kerapatan vegetasi hutan mangrove di Teluk Kendari. Physical and Social Geography Research Journal, 1(1), 35-44. Retrievedfrom http://ojs.uho.ac.id/index.php/PSGRJ/article/view/7848

Imchen, T. (2015). Substrate deposit effect on the characteristic of an intertidal macroalgal community. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Science, 44(3), 333-338. Retrieved fromhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/305142966_Substrate_deposit_effect_on_the_characteristic_of_an_intertidal_macroalgal_community

Ira, Rahmadani, & Irawati, N. (2018). Komposisi jenis makroalga di perairan Pulau Hari Sulawesi Tenggara. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 18(2), 141–158. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v18i2.770

Kadi, A. (2010). Karakteristik komunitas rumput laut beserta interaksi antarjenis perairan Teluk Lampung. Hlm. 51-10 dalam Ruyitno dkk (eds). Status Sumberdaya Laut di Perairan Teluk Lampung. Pusat Penelitian Oseanografi LIPI, Jakarta.

Kadi, A. (2017). interaksi komunitas makroalga dengan lingkungan perairan Teluk Carita Pandeglang. Biosfera, 34(1), 32-38.

https://doi.org/10.20884/1.mib.2017.34.1.391

Kang, J. C., Choi, H. G., & Kim, M. S. (2011). Macroalgal species composition and seasonal variation in biomass on Udo, Jeju Island, Korea. Algae, 26(4), 333–342. https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2011.26.4.333

Lewmanomont, K.& Ogawa, H. (1995). Common seaweeds and seagrasses of Thailand. Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok: 164 pp.

Limi M. A., Sara L., La Ola T., & Yunus L. (2017) Environmental changes and fishermanwelfare in coastal area of Kendari Bay. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 6(1), 20-25. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20170601.13

Litaay, C. (2014). Sebaran dan keragaman komunitas makro algae di perairan Teluk Ambon. Jurnal Ilmu dan Tekonologi Kelautan Tropis, 6(1), 131-142. http://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jurnalikt/article/view/8636.

Magruder, W. H.& Hunt, J. W. (1979). Seaweeds of Hawaii: a photographic identification guide. Oriental Publishing Company, Hawaii: 116 pp.

Melsasail, K., Awan, A., Papaliya, P. M., & Rumahlatu, D. (2018). The ecological structure of macroalgae community (seagrass) on various zones in coastal waters of Nusalaut Island, Central Maluku District, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux, 11(4), 957-966.

http://www. bioflux.com.ro/docs/2018.957-966.pdf

Misra, J. N. (1966). Phaeophyceae in India. Indian Courcil of Agricultural Researce, New Delhi: 203 pp.

Mocenni, C. & Vicino, A. (2006). Modelling ecological competition between seaweed and seagrass: a case study. 14th IFAC Symposium on System Identification, Newcastle, Australia.

https://doi.org/10.3182/20060329-3-AU-2901.00114.

Norashikin, A., Harah, Z. M., & Sidik, B. J. (2013). Intertidal seaweeds and their multi-life forms. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 8(3), 452–461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jfas.2013.452.461

Odum, E. P. (1998). Dasar-dasar Ekologi: Terjemahan dari Fundamentals of Ecology. Alih Bahasa Samingan, T. Edisi Ketiga. Universitas Gadjah Mada Press, Yogyakarta. 697 pp.

Okuda, K. (2008). Coastal environment and seaweed-bed ecology in Japan. Kuroshio Science,2(1), 15-20. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/70354171.pdf

Pereira, D. T., Simioni, C., Filipin, E. P., Bouvie, F., Ramlov, F., Maraschin, M., Bouzon Z. L., & Schmidt, E. D. (2017). Effects of salinity on the physiology of the red macroalga, Acanthophora spicifera (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales). Acta Botanica Brasilica, 31(4), 555-565. https://doi.org/ 10.1590/0102-33062017abb0059

Pramesti, R., Susanto, AB., Wilis, A. S., Ridlo, A., Subagiyo, & Oktaviaris, Y. (2016). Struktur komunitas dan anatomi rumput laut di Teluk Awur, Jepara dan Pantai Krakal, Yogyakarta. Jurnal Kelautan Tropis, 19(2), 81-94. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v19i2.822

Prathep, A., Pongparadon, S., Darakrai, A., Wichachucherd, B.,& Sinutok, S. (2011). Diversity and distribution of seaweed at Khanom-Mu Ko Thale Tai National Park, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology,33(6), 633-640. http://ro.psu.ac.th/sjst/journal/33-6/0125-3395-33-6-633-640.pdf.

Rachello-Dolmen, P. G., Cleary, D. F. R. (2007). Relating coral species traits to environmental conditions in Jakarta Bay/Pulau Seribu reef system, Indonesia. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 73(3-4), 816-826.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2007.03.017

Rahmawati, S., Setiawan, A., Supriyadi, I. H., Azkab, M. H. (2014). Panduan Monitoring Padang Lamun. CRITC COREMAP CTI LIPI, Jakarta. 32 hal.

Rigby, P. R., Iken, K.& Shirayama, Y. (2007). Sampling Biodiversity in Coastal Communities: NaGISA Protocols for Seagrass and Macroalgal Habitats. Kyoto University Press. 145 pp.

Satheesh, S.& Wesley, S. G. (2012). Diversity and distribution of seaweeds in the Kudankulam coastal waters. South-Eastern coast of India. Biodiversity Journal,3(1), 79-84. http://www.biodiversityjournal.com/pdf/3(1)_79-84.pdf

Sondak, C. F. A. & Chung, I. K. (2015). Potential blue carbon from coastal ecosystems in the Republic of Korea. Ocean Science Journal, 50(1), 1-8.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12601-015-0001-9

Sondak, C. F. A., Ang Jr, P. O., Beardall, J., Bellgrove, A., Boo, S. M., Gerung, G. S., Hepburn, C. D., Hong, D. D., Hu, Z., Kawai, H., Largo, D., Lee, J. A., Lim, P., Mayakun, J., Nelson, W. A., Oak, J. H., Phang, S., Sahoo, D., Peerapornpis, Y., Yang, Y., & Chung, I. K. (2016). Carbon dioxide mitigation potential of seaweed aquaculture beds (SABs). Journal of Applied Phycology, 29, 2362-2373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-016-1022-1

Talentino-Pablico, G., Bailly, N., Froese, R., & Elloran, C. (2007). Seaweeds preferred by herbivorous fishes. Journal of Applied Phycology, 20, 933-938. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-007-9290-4

Trono, J. R. C. C.& Ganzonfortes, E. T. (1988). Philipine seaweed. Technology ND Livelihood Recourse Centre, Net. Book store Inc. Metro. Manila: 330 pp.

Wei, T. L.& Chin, W. Y. (1983). Seaweeds of Singapore. Singaphore University Press, Singaphore: 123 pp.

Wentworth, C.K. (1922). A scale of gradeand class term for clastic sediment.The Journal of Geology, 30(5), 337-392.

https://doi.org/10.1086/622910

Williams, S. L.& Smith, J. E. (2007). A global review of the distribution, taxonomy and impacts of introduced seaweeds. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics,38, 327-359. https:/doi.org/10.114/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095543

Zakaria, M. H., Bujang, J. S., Amit, R., Awing, S. A. & Ogawa, H. (2006). Marine macrophytes: macroalgae species and life forms from Golden Beach, Similajau National Park, Bintulu, Serawak, Malaysia. Coastal Marine Science30(1): 243–246. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/29769967_Marine_macrophytes_Macroalgae_species_and_life_forms_from_Golden_Beach_Similajau_National_Park_Bintulu_Sarawak_Malaysia